///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // checkstyle: Checks Java source code and other text files for adherence to a set of rules.
   // Copyright (C) 2001-2024 the original author or authors.
   //
   // This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   // modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   // License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   // version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   //
  // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  // Lesser General Public License for more details.
  //
  // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  // License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  // Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  package com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle;
  
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.nio.file.Path;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.LinkedList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.Properties;
  import java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler;
  import java.util.logging.Filter;
  import java.util.logging.Level;
  import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
  import java.util.logging.Logger;
  import java.util.regex.Pattern;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.AbstractAutomaticBean.OutputStreamOptions;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.AuditEvent;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.AuditListener;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.CheckstyleException;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.Configuration;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.RootModule;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.utils.ChainedPropertyUtil;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.utils.CommonUtil;
  import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.utils.XpathUtil;
  import picocli.CommandLine;
  import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
  import picocli.CommandLine.Option;
  import picocli.CommandLine.ParameterException;
  import picocli.CommandLine.Parameters;
  import picocli.CommandLine.ParseResult;
  
  /**
   * Wrapper command line program for the Checker.
   */
  public final class Main {
  
      /**
       * A key pointing to the error counter
       * message in the "messages.properties" file.
       */
      public static final String ERROR_COUNTER = "Main.errorCounter";
      /**
       * A key pointing to the load properties exception
       * message in the "messages.properties" file.
       */
      public static final String LOAD_PROPERTIES_EXCEPTION = "Main.loadProperties";
      /**
       * A key pointing to the create listener exception
       * message in the "messages.properties" file.
       */
      public static final String CREATE_LISTENER_EXCEPTION = "Main.createListener";
  
      /** Logger for Main. */
      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(Main.class);
  
      /** Exit code returned when user specified invalid command line arguments. */
      private static final int EXIT_WITH_INVALID_USER_INPUT_CODE = -1;
  
      /** Exit code returned when execution finishes with {@link CheckstyleException}. */
      private static final int EXIT_WITH_CHECKSTYLE_EXCEPTION_CODE = -2;
  
      /**
       * Client code should not create instances of this class, but use
       * {@link #main(String[])} method instead.
       */
      private Main() {
      }
  
      /**
       * Loops over the files specified checking them for errors. The exit code
      * is the number of errors found in all the files.
      *
      * @param args the command line arguments.
      * @throws IOException if there is a problem with files access
      * @noinspection UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr, CallToPrintStackTrace, CallToSystemExit
      * @noinspectionreason UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr - driver class for Checkstyle requires
      *      usage of System.out and System.err
      * @noinspectionreason CallToPrintStackTrace - driver class for Checkstyle must be able to
      *      show all details in case of failure
      * @noinspectionreason CallToSystemExit - driver class must call exit
      **/
     public static void main(String... args) throws IOException {
 
         final CliOptions cliOptions = new CliOptions();
         final CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(cliOptions);
         commandLine.setUsageHelpWidth(CliOptions.HELP_WIDTH);
         commandLine.setCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed(true);
 
         // provide proper exit code based on results.
         int exitStatus = 0;
         int errorCounter = 0;
         try {
             final ParseResult parseResult = commandLine.parseArgs(args);
             if (parseResult.isVersionHelpRequested()) {
                 System.out.println(getVersionString());
             }
             else if (parseResult.isUsageHelpRequested()) {
                 commandLine.usage(System.out);
             }
             else {
                 exitStatus = execute(parseResult, cliOptions);
                 errorCounter = exitStatus;
             }
         }
         catch (ParameterException ex) {
             exitStatus = EXIT_WITH_INVALID_USER_INPUT_CODE;
             System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
             System.err.println("Usage: checkstyle [OPTIONS]... FILES...");
             System.err.println("Try 'checkstyle --help' for more information.");
         }
         catch (CheckstyleException ex) {
             exitStatus = EXIT_WITH_CHECKSTYLE_EXCEPTION_CODE;
             errorCounter = 1;
             ex.printStackTrace();
         }
         finally {
             // return exit code base on validation of Checker
             if (errorCounter > 0) {
                 final LocalizedMessage errorCounterViolation = new LocalizedMessage(
                         Definitions.CHECKSTYLE_BUNDLE, Main.class,
                         ERROR_COUNTER, String.valueOf(errorCounter));
                 // print error count statistic to error output stream,
                 // output stream might be used by validation report content
                 System.err.println(errorCounterViolation.getMessage());
             }
         }
         Runtime.getRuntime().exit(exitStatus);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the version string printed when the user requests version help (--version or -V).
      *
      * @return a version string based on the package implementation version
      */
     private static String getVersionString() {
         return "Checkstyle version: " + Main.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
     }
 
     /**
      * Validates the user input and returns {@value #EXIT_WITH_INVALID_USER_INPUT_CODE} if
      * invalid, otherwise executes CheckStyle and returns the number of violations.
      *
      * @param parseResult generic access to options and parameters found on the command line
      * @param options encapsulates options and parameters specified on the command line
      * @return number of violations
      * @throws IOException if a file could not be read.
      * @throws CheckstyleException if something happens processing the files.
      * @noinspection UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr
      * @noinspectionreason UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr - driver class for Checkstyle requires
      *      usage of System.out and System.err
      */
     private static int execute(ParseResult parseResult, CliOptions options)
             throws IOException, CheckstyleException {
 
         final int exitStatus;
 
         // return error if something is wrong in arguments
         final List<File> filesToProcess = getFilesToProcess(options);
         final List<String> messages = options.validateCli(parseResult, filesToProcess);
         final boolean hasMessages = !messages.isEmpty();
         if (hasMessages) {
             messages.forEach(System.out::println);
             exitStatus = EXIT_WITH_INVALID_USER_INPUT_CODE;
         }
         else {
             exitStatus = runCli(options, filesToProcess);
         }
         return exitStatus;
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines the files to process.
      *
      * @param options the user-specified options
      * @return list of files to process
      */
     private static List<File> getFilesToProcess(CliOptions options) {
         final List<Pattern> patternsToExclude = options.getExclusions();
 
         final List<File> result = new LinkedList<>();
         for (File file : options.files) {
             result.addAll(listFiles(file, patternsToExclude));
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Traverses a specified node looking for files to check. Found files are added to
      * a specified list. Subdirectories are also traversed.
      *
      * @param node
      *        the node to process
      * @param patternsToExclude The list of patterns to exclude from searching or being added as
      *        files.
      * @return found files
      */
     private static List<File> listFiles(File node, List<Pattern> patternsToExclude) {
         // could be replaced with org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils.list() method
         // if only we add commons-io library
         final List<File> result = new LinkedList<>();
 
         if (node.canRead() && !isPathExcluded(node.getAbsolutePath(), patternsToExclude)) {
             if (node.isDirectory()) {
                 final File[] files = node.listFiles();
                 // listFiles() can return null, so we need to check it
                 if (files != null) {
                     for (File element : files) {
                         result.addAll(listFiles(element, patternsToExclude));
                     }
                 }
             }
             else if (node.isFile()) {
                 result.add(node);
             }
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks if a directory/file {@code path} should be excluded based on if it matches one of the
      * patterns supplied.
      *
      * @param path The path of the directory/file to check
      * @param patternsToExclude The collection of patterns to exclude from searching
      *        or being added as files.
      * @return True if the directory/file matches one of the patterns.
      */
     private static boolean isPathExcluded(String path, Iterable<Pattern> patternsToExclude) {
         boolean result = false;
 
         for (Pattern pattern : patternsToExclude) {
             if (pattern.matcher(path).find()) {
                 result = true;
                 break;
             }
         }
 
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Do execution of CheckStyle based on Command line options.
      *
      * @param options user-specified options
      * @param filesToProcess the list of files whose style to check
      * @return number of violations
      * @throws IOException if a file could not be read.
      * @throws CheckstyleException if something happens processing the files.
      * @noinspection UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr
      * @noinspectionreason UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr - driver class for Checkstyle requires
      *      usage of System.out and System.err
      */
     private static int runCli(CliOptions options, List<File> filesToProcess)
             throws IOException, CheckstyleException {
         int result = 0;
         final boolean hasSuppressionLineColumnNumber = options.suppressionLineColumnNumber != null;
 
         // create config helper object
         if (options.printAst) {
             // print AST
             final File file = filesToProcess.get(0);
             final String stringAst = AstTreeStringPrinter.printFileAst(file,
                     JavaParser.Options.WITHOUT_COMMENTS);
             System.out.print(stringAst);
         }
         else if (Objects.nonNull(options.xpath)) {
             final String branch = XpathUtil.printXpathBranch(options.xpath, filesToProcess.get(0));
             System.out.print(branch);
         }
         else if (options.printAstWithComments) {
             final File file = filesToProcess.get(0);
             final String stringAst = AstTreeStringPrinter.printFileAst(file,
                     JavaParser.Options.WITH_COMMENTS);
             System.out.print(stringAst);
         }
         else if (options.printJavadocTree) {
             final File file = filesToProcess.get(0);
             final String stringAst = DetailNodeTreeStringPrinter.printFileAst(file);
             System.out.print(stringAst);
         }
         else if (options.printTreeWithJavadoc) {
             final File file = filesToProcess.get(0);
             final String stringAst = AstTreeStringPrinter.printJavaAndJavadocTree(file);
             System.out.print(stringAst);
         }
         else if (hasSuppressionLineColumnNumber) {
             final File file = filesToProcess.get(0);
             final String stringSuppressions =
                     SuppressionsStringPrinter.printSuppressions(file,
                             options.suppressionLineColumnNumber, options.tabWidth);
             System.out.print(stringSuppressions);
         }
         else {
             if (options.debug) {
                 final Logger parentLogger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class.getName()).getParent();
                 final ConsoleHandler handler = new ConsoleHandler();
                 handler.setLevel(Level.FINEST);
                 handler.setFilter(new OnlyCheckstyleLoggersFilter());
                 parentLogger.addHandler(handler);
                 parentLogger.setLevel(Level.FINEST);
             }
             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                 LOG.debug("Checkstyle debug logging enabled");
                 LOG.debug("Running Checkstyle with version: "
                         + Main.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion());
             }
 
             // run Checker
             result = runCheckstyle(options, filesToProcess);
         }
 
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Executes required Checkstyle actions based on passed parameters.
      *
      * @param options user-specified options
      * @param filesToProcess the list of files whose style to check
      * @return number of violations of ERROR level
      * @throws IOException
      *         when output file could not be found
      * @throws CheckstyleException
      *         when properties file could not be loaded
      */
     private static int runCheckstyle(CliOptions options, List<File> filesToProcess)
             throws CheckstyleException, IOException {
         // setup the properties
         final Properties props;
 
         if (options.propertiesFile == null) {
             props = System.getProperties();
         }
         else {
             props = loadProperties(options.propertiesFile);
         }
 
         // create a configuration
         final ThreadModeSettings multiThreadModeSettings =
                 new ThreadModeSettings(CliOptions.CHECKER_THREADS_NUMBER,
                         CliOptions.TREE_WALKER_THREADS_NUMBER);
 
         final ConfigurationLoader.IgnoredModulesOptions ignoredModulesOptions;
         if (options.executeIgnoredModules) {
             ignoredModulesOptions = ConfigurationLoader.IgnoredModulesOptions.EXECUTE;
         }
         else {
             ignoredModulesOptions = ConfigurationLoader.IgnoredModulesOptions.OMIT;
         }
 
         final Configuration config = ConfigurationLoader.loadConfiguration(
                 options.configurationFile, new PropertiesExpander(props),
                 ignoredModulesOptions, multiThreadModeSettings);
 
         // create RootModule object and run it
         final int errorCounter;
         final ClassLoader moduleClassLoader = Checker.class.getClassLoader();
         final RootModule rootModule = getRootModule(config.getName(), moduleClassLoader);
 
         try {
             final AuditListener listener;
             if (options.generateXpathSuppressionsFile) {
                 // create filter to print generated xpath suppressions file
                 final Configuration treeWalkerConfig = getTreeWalkerConfig(config);
                 if (treeWalkerConfig != null) {
                     final DefaultConfiguration moduleConfig =
                             new DefaultConfiguration(
                                     XpathFileGeneratorAstFilter.class.getName());
                     moduleConfig.addProperty(CliOptions.ATTRIB_TAB_WIDTH_NAME,
                             String.valueOf(options.tabWidth));
                     ((DefaultConfiguration) treeWalkerConfig).addChild(moduleConfig);
                 }
 
                 listener = new XpathFileGeneratorAuditListener(getOutputStream(options.outputPath),
                         getOutputStreamOptions(options.outputPath));
             }
             else {
                 listener = createListener(options.format, options.outputPath);
             }
 
             rootModule.setModuleClassLoader(moduleClassLoader);
             rootModule.configure(config);
             rootModule.addListener(listener);
 
             // run RootModule
             errorCounter = rootModule.process(filesToProcess);
         }
         finally {
             rootModule.destroy();
         }
 
         return errorCounter;
     }
 
     /**
      * Loads properties from a File.
      *
      * @param file
      *        the properties file
      * @return the properties in file
      * @throws CheckstyleException
      *         when could not load properties file
      */
     private static Properties loadProperties(File file)
             throws CheckstyleException {
         final Properties properties = new Properties();
 
         try (InputStream stream = Files.newInputStream(file.toPath())) {
             properties.load(stream);
         }
         catch (final IOException ex) {
             final LocalizedMessage loadPropertiesExceptionMessage = new LocalizedMessage(
                     Definitions.CHECKSTYLE_BUNDLE, Main.class,
                     LOAD_PROPERTIES_EXCEPTION, file.getAbsolutePath());
             throw new CheckstyleException(loadPropertiesExceptionMessage.getMessage(), ex);
         }
 
         return ChainedPropertyUtil.getResolvedProperties(properties);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of the root module that will control and run
      * Checkstyle.
      *
      * @param name The name of the module. This will either be a short name that
      *        will have to be found or the complete package name.
      * @param moduleClassLoader Class loader used to load the root module.
      * @return The new instance of the root module.
      * @throws CheckstyleException if no module can be instantiated from name
      */
     private static RootModule getRootModule(String name, ClassLoader moduleClassLoader)
             throws CheckstyleException {
         final ModuleFactory factory = new PackageObjectFactory(
                 Checker.class.getPackage().getName(), moduleClassLoader);
 
         return (RootModule) factory.createModule(name);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns {@code TreeWalker} module configuration.
      *
      * @param config The configuration object.
      * @return The {@code TreeWalker} module configuration.
      */
     private static Configuration getTreeWalkerConfig(Configuration config) {
         Configuration result = null;
 
         final Configuration[] children = config.getChildren();
         for (Configuration child : children) {
             if ("TreeWalker".equals(child.getName())) {
                 result = child;
                 break;
             }
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * This method creates in AuditListener an open stream for validation data, it must be
      * closed by {@link RootModule} (default implementation is {@link Checker}) by calling
      * {@link AuditListener#auditFinished(AuditEvent)}.
      *
      * @param format format of the audit listener
      * @param outputLocation the location of output
      * @return a fresh new {@code AuditListener}
      * @exception IOException when provided output location is not found
      */
     private static AuditListener createListener(OutputFormat format, Path outputLocation)
             throws IOException {
         final OutputStream out = getOutputStream(outputLocation);
         final OutputStreamOptions closeOutputStreamOption =
                 getOutputStreamOptions(outputLocation);
         return format.createListener(out, closeOutputStreamOption);
     }
 
     /**
      * Create output stream or return System.out.
      *
      * @param outputPath output location
      * @return output stream
      * @throws IOException might happen
      * @noinspection UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr
      * @noinspectionreason UseOfSystemOutOrSystemErr - driver class for Checkstyle requires
      *      usage of System.out and System.err
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("resource")
     private static OutputStream getOutputStream(Path outputPath) throws IOException {
         final OutputStream result;
         if (outputPath == null) {
             result = System.out;
         }
         else {
             result = Files.newOutputStream(outputPath);
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Create {@link OutputStreamOptions} for the given location.
      *
      * @param outputPath output location
      * @return output stream options
      */
     private static OutputStreamOptions getOutputStreamOptions(Path outputPath) {
         final OutputStreamOptions result;
         if (outputPath == null) {
             result = OutputStreamOptions.NONE;
         }
         else {
             result = OutputStreamOptions.CLOSE;
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Enumeration over the possible output formats.
      *
      * @noinspection PackageVisibleInnerClass
      * @noinspectionreason PackageVisibleInnerClass - we keep this enum package visible for tests
      */
     enum OutputFormat {
         /** XML output format. */
         XML,
         /** SARIF output format. */
         SARIF,
         /** Plain output format. */
         PLAIN;
 
         /**
          * Returns a new AuditListener for this OutputFormat.
          *
          * @param out the output stream
          * @param options the output stream options
          * @return a new AuditListener for this OutputFormat
          * @throws IOException if there is any IO exception during logger initialization
          */
         public AuditListener createListener(
             OutputStream out,
             OutputStreamOptions options) throws IOException {
             final AuditListener result;
             if (this == XML) {
                 result = new XMLLogger(out, options);
             }
             else if (this == SARIF) {
                 result = new SarifLogger(out, options);
             }
             else {
                 result = new DefaultLogger(out, options);
             }
             return result;
         }
 
         /**
          * Returns the name in lowercase.
          *
          * @return the enum name in lowercase
          */
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         }
     }
 
     /** Log Filter used in debug mode. */
     private static final class OnlyCheckstyleLoggersFilter implements Filter {
         /** Name of the package used to filter on. */
         private final String packageName = Main.class.getPackage().getName();
 
         /**
          * Returns whether the specified logRecord should be logged.
          *
          * @param logRecord the logRecord to log
          * @return true if the logger name is in the package of this class or a subpackage
          */
         @Override
         public boolean isLoggable(LogRecord logRecord) {
             return logRecord.getLoggerName().startsWith(packageName);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Command line options.
      *
      * @noinspection unused, FieldMayBeFinal, CanBeFinal,
      *              MismatchedQueryAndUpdateOfCollection, LocalCanBeFinal
      * @noinspectionreason FieldMayBeFinal - usage of picocli requires
      *      suppression of above inspections
      * @noinspectionreason CanBeFinal - usage of picocli requires
      *      suppression of above inspections
      * @noinspectionreason MismatchedQueryAndUpdateOfCollection - list of files is gathered and used
      *      via reflection by picocli library
      * @noinspectionreason LocalCanBeFinal - usage of picocli requires
      *      suppression of above inspections
      */
     @Command(name = "checkstyle", description = "Checkstyle verifies that the specified "
             + "source code files adhere to the specified rules. By default, violations are "
             + "reported to standard out in plain format. Checkstyle requires a configuration "
             + "XML file that configures the checks to apply.",
             mixinStandardHelpOptions = true)
     private static final class CliOptions {
 
         /** Width of CLI help option. */
         private static final int HELP_WIDTH = 100;
 
         /** The default number of threads to use for checker and the tree walker. */
         private static final int DEFAULT_THREAD_COUNT = 1;
 
         /** Name for the moduleConfig attribute 'tabWidth'. */
         private static final String ATTRIB_TAB_WIDTH_NAME = "tabWidth";
 
         /** Default output format. */
         private static final OutputFormat DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT = OutputFormat.PLAIN;
 
         /** Option name for output format. */
         private static final String OUTPUT_FORMAT_OPTION = "-f";
 
         /**
          * The checker threads number.
          * This option has been skipped for CLI options intentionally.
          *
          */
         private static final int CHECKER_THREADS_NUMBER = DEFAULT_THREAD_COUNT;
 
         /**
          * The tree walker threads number.
          *
          */
         private static final int TREE_WALKER_THREADS_NUMBER = DEFAULT_THREAD_COUNT;
 
         /** List of file to validate. */
         @Parameters(arity = "1..*", description = "One or more source files to verify")
         private List<File> files;
 
         /** Config file location. */
         @Option(names = "-c", description = "Specifies the location of the file that defines"
                 + " the configuration modules. The location can either be a filesystem location"
                 + ", or a name passed to the ClassLoader.getResource() method.")
         private String configurationFile;
 
         /** Output file location. */
         @Option(names = "-o", description = "Sets the output file. Defaults to stdout.")
         private Path outputPath;
 
         /** Properties file location. */
         @Option(names = "-p", description = "Sets the property files to load.")
         private File propertiesFile;
 
         /** LineNo and columnNo for the suppression. */
         @Option(names = "-s",
                 description = "Prints xpath suppressions at the file's line and column position. "
                         + "Argument is the line and column number (separated by a : ) in the file "
                         + "that the suppression should be generated for. The option cannot be used "
                         + "with other options and requires exactly one file to run on to be "
                         + "specified. Note that the generated result will have few queries, joined "
                         + "by pipe(|). Together they will match all AST nodes on "
                         + "specified line and column. You need to choose only one and recheck "
                         + "that it works. Usage of all of them is also ok, but might result in "
                         + "undesirable matching and suppress other issues.")
         private String suppressionLineColumnNumber;
 
         /**
          * Tab character length.
          *
          * @noinspection CanBeFinal
          * @noinspectionreason CanBeFinal - we use picocli, and it uses
          *      reflection to manage such fields
          */
         @Option(names = {"-w", "--tabWidth"},
                 description = "Sets the length of the tab character. "
                 + "Used only with -s option. Default value is ${DEFAULT-VALUE}.")
         private int tabWidth = CommonUtil.DEFAULT_TAB_WIDTH;
 
         /** Switch whether to generate suppressions file or not. */
         @Option(names = {"-g", "--generate-xpath-suppression"},
                 description = "Generates to output a suppression xml to use to suppress all "
                         + "violations from user's config. Instead of printing every violation, "
                         + "all violations will be catched and single suppressions xml file will "
                         + "be printed out. Used only with -c option. Output "
                         + "location can be specified with -o option.")
         private boolean generateXpathSuppressionsFile;
 
         /**
          * Output format.
          *
          * @noinspection CanBeFinal
          * @noinspectionreason CanBeFinal - we use picocli, and it uses
          *      reflection to manage such fields
          */
         @Option(names = "-f",
                 description = "Specifies the output format. Valid values: "
                 + "${COMPLETION-CANDIDATES} for XMLLogger, SarifLogger, "
                 + "and DefaultLogger respectively. Defaults to ${DEFAULT-VALUE}.")
         private OutputFormat format = DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT;
 
         /** Option that controls whether to print the AST of the file. */
         @Option(names = {"-t", "--tree"},
                 description = "This option is used to display the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) "
                         + "without any comments of the specified file. It can only be used on "
                         + "a single file and cannot be combined with other options.")
         private boolean printAst;
 
         /** Option that controls whether to print the AST of the file including comments. */
         @Option(names = {"-T", "--treeWithComments"},
                 description = "This option is used to display the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) "
                         + "with comment nodes excluding Javadoc of the specified file. It can only"
                         + " be used on a single file and cannot be combined with other options.")
         private boolean printAstWithComments;
 
         /** Option that controls whether to print the parse tree of the javadoc comment. */
         @Option(names = {"-j", "--javadocTree"},
                 description = "This option is used to print the Parse Tree of the Javadoc comment."
                         + " The file has to contain only Javadoc comment content "
                         + "excluding '/**' and '*/' at the beginning and at the end respectively. "
                         + "It can only be used on a single file and cannot be combined "
                         + "with other options.")
         private boolean printJavadocTree;
 
         /** Option that controls whether to print the full AST of the file. */
         @Option(names = {"-J", "--treeWithJavadoc"},
                 description = "This option is used to display the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) "
                         + "with Javadoc nodes of the specified file. It can only be used on a "
                         + "single file and cannot be combined with other options.")
         private boolean printTreeWithJavadoc;
 
         /** Option that controls whether to print debug info. */
         @Option(names = {"-d", "--debug"},
                 description = "Prints all debug logging of CheckStyle utility.")
         private boolean debug;
 
         /**
          * Option that allows users to specify a list of paths to exclude.
          *
          * @noinspection CanBeFinal
          * @noinspectionreason CanBeFinal - we use picocli, and it uses
          *      reflection to manage such fields
          */
         @Option(names = {"-e", "--exclude"},
                 description = "Directory/file to exclude from CheckStyle. The path can be the "
                         + "full, absolute path, or relative to the current path. Multiple "
                         + "excludes are allowed.")
         private List<File> exclude = new ArrayList<>();
 
         /**
          * Option that allows users to specify a regex of paths to exclude.
          *
          * @noinspection CanBeFinal
          * @noinspectionreason CanBeFinal - we use picocli, and it uses
          *      reflection to manage such fields
          */
         @Option(names = {"-x", "--exclude-regexp"},
                 description = "Directory/file pattern to exclude from CheckStyle. Multiple "
                         + "excludes are allowed.")
         private List<Pattern> excludeRegex = new ArrayList<>();
 
         /** Switch whether to execute ignored modules or not. */
         @Option(names = {"-E", "--executeIgnoredModules"},
                 description = "Allows ignored modules to be run.")
         private boolean executeIgnoredModules;
 
         /** Show AST branches that match xpath. */
         @Option(names = {"-b", "--branch-matching-xpath"},
             description = "Shows Abstract Syntax Tree(AST) branches that match given XPath query.")
         private String xpath;
 
         /**
          * Gets the list of exclusions provided through the command line arguments.
          *
          * @return List of exclusion patterns.
          */
         private List<Pattern> getExclusions() {
             final List<Pattern> result = exclude.stream()
                     .map(File::getAbsolutePath)
                     .map(Pattern::quote)
                     .map(pattern -> Pattern.compile("^" + pattern + "$"))
                     .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
             result.addAll(excludeRegex);
             return result;
         }
 
         /**
          * Validates the user-specified command line options.
          *
          * @param parseResult used to verify if the format option was specified on the command line
          * @param filesToProcess the list of files whose style to check
          * @return list of violations
          */
         // -@cs[CyclomaticComplexity] Breaking apart will damage encapsulation
         private List<String> validateCli(ParseResult parseResult, List<File> filesToProcess) {
             final List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
             final boolean hasConfigurationFile = configurationFile != null;
             final boolean hasSuppressionLineColumnNumber = suppressionLineColumnNumber != null;
 
             if (filesToProcess.isEmpty()) {
                 result.add("Files to process must be specified, found 0.");
             }
             // ensure there is no conflicting options
             else if (printAst || printAstWithComments || printJavadocTree || printTreeWithJavadoc
                 || xpath != null) {
                 if (suppressionLineColumnNumber != null || configurationFile != null
                         || propertiesFile != null || outputPath != null
                         || parseResult.hasMatchedOption(OUTPUT_FORMAT_OPTION)) {
                     result.add("Option '-t' cannot be used with other options.");
                 }
                 else if (filesToProcess.size() > 1) {
                     result.add("Printing AST is allowed for only one file.");
                 }
             }
             else if (hasSuppressionLineColumnNumber) {
                 if (configurationFile != null || propertiesFile != null
                         || outputPath != null
                         || parseResult.hasMatchedOption(OUTPUT_FORMAT_OPTION)) {
                     result.add("Option '-s' cannot be used with other options.");
                 }
                 else if (filesToProcess.size() > 1) {
                     result.add("Printing xpath suppressions is allowed for only one file.");
                 }
             }
             else if (hasConfigurationFile) {
                 try {
                     // test location only
                     CommonUtil.getUriByFilename(configurationFile);
                 }
                 catch (CheckstyleException ignored) {
                     final String msg = "Could not find config XML file '%s'.";
                     result.add(String.format(Locale.ROOT, msg, configurationFile));
                 }
                 result.addAll(validateOptionalCliParametersIfConfigDefined());
             }
             else {
                 result.add("Must specify a config XML file.");
             }
 
             return result;
         }
 
         /**
          * Validates optional command line parameters that might be used with config file.
          *
          * @return list of violations
          */
         private List<String> validateOptionalCliParametersIfConfigDefined() {
             final List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
             if (propertiesFile != null && !propertiesFile.exists()) {
                 result.add(String.format(Locale.ROOT,
                         "Could not find file '%s'.", propertiesFile));
             }
             return result;
         }
     }
 
 }